The Importance of English-Arabic Translation

This article is dedicated to the English Arabic translation; it is going to lay the sunshine on the definition of translation, the significance of English Arabic translation, the problem idioms impose to translators, the qualities of a superb translator and the need for translation generally.

Translation in Dr. Hasanuddin Ahmed’s phrases is: “the action or process of delivering from one language into another. It is the expression or rendering of sense of words, sentences, and passages etc from one language into another.” Ulm-ul-Qur’an, Dr. Hasanuddin Ahmed, I.A.S.

The Columbia Encyclopedia defines translation because the rendering of a textual content into one other language.

Katharine Barnwell (1986, p. eight).defines it as follows: Translation is re-telling, as precisely as attainable, the which means of the unique message in a method that’s pure within the language into which the interpretation is being made.

Translation is far more than the interpretation of the which means of a textual content in a single language and the manufacturing of a brand new, equal textual content in one other language , or the substitution of the phrases of one language with the phrases of one other language, or the rendering of which means of a textual content or in any respect in a single language into one other, it’s the bridge of appreciation and understanding amongst individuals of totally different cultural teams , it’s the means of communication amongst totally different teams of individuals, the means of cultural change, the means of preserving cultural heritage of any nation, the means of forming ties and friendships amongst totally different teams of individuals, and the means of understanding and peace.

Human beings are in any case not dwelling alone and, each human being has the necessity and want to find out about each other, man tries to study what different individuals are doing, how they’re dwelling, and the way they’ve lived. We want to know, aside from our totally different ethnicity, colour, language, and tradition, whether or not we share the identical understanding of love, ardour, sorrow, aspiration, sympathy, jealousy and lots of different respects of human nature. So so long as the will to exists, translation would be the solely bridge throughout which our goals are reached and our want realized.

In the overall sense, the objective of translation is to construct bridges amongst totally different teams of individuals, however the aim of translation within the theoretical sense is to determine a relationship of equivalence between the supply and the goal language; it ought to be sure that each texts talk the identical message.

There has been debate as as to if translation is an artwork, a science, or a Skill. I feel Translation is a mixture of all of them. It is a science within the sense that it wants full information of the construction, grammar, semantics, and syntax and usually the make-up of the 2 languages involved. It is an artwork because it requires inventive expertise to reconstruct the unique textual content within the type of a product that’s presentable to the reader who just isn’t imagined to be conversant in the unique. It can also be a talent, as a result of it requires consideration to element the which means and a radical understanding of the connection between syntax and semantics, coupled with in depth cultural background and the power to offer the interpretation of one thing that has no equal within the goal language.

Also being a human talent, it allows human beings to change concepts and ideas regardless of the totally different languages they use. Man is endowed with the power to convey his emotions and expertise to others via language. For this course of of communication man acquired each spoken language and the written language, however when human beings unfold over the earth, their languages differed they usually wanted a way by way of which they will talk and work together with every others. Thus necessity for translation to convey one’s emotions and experiences into the opposite language was felt.

Sometimes we ask ourselves, why is translation between English and Arabic essential? Both Arabic and English are of the world nice languages, within the e-book ‘The Spread of English, on web page 77 the author says: “the great languages of today are languages of empire, past and present. Only two, Mandarin Chinese and Russian, continue as languages of administration within single, ethno linguistically diverse states. The others -Arabic, English, French, and Spanish-are imperial legacies, having survived the disintegration of the empires that fostered them.”

Arabic language is one of the good world languages. there have been nice languages of nice empires that didn’t survive as a fantastic language , like Turkish as an example, once we examine Turkish with Arabic, we discover out that Arabic survived the disintegration of the Arab Islamic empire and it continues to be one of the good languages of the world until at present, whereas the Turkish language which was the language of administration and authority within the center east , Balkans, and totally different elements of the world that was beneath the Ottoman rule for a thousand years ,however Turkish within the phrases of Fishman on web page 77 within the e-book ‘The Spread of English” ‘flowed again to Anatolia with the collapse of the ottoman empire’. But these phrases will not be 100% correct as a result of Turkish is spoken throughout Turkey and in Northern Cyprus, not solely in Anatolia which is just an element of Turkey. Also Turkish minorities within the former Soviet Union republics, Bulgaria, Russia, Greece, and Romania use Turkish as their mom tongue. Moreover the languages of Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, are all branches of the Turkic language household. Yet, no denying that Turkish language misplaced rather a lot of its significance after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

Returning to Arabic, it’s one of the six official languages adopted in The United Nations. Arabic is the language of a wealthy tradition and civilization courting again many centuries; it was the language of Muhammad, the Messenger and Prophet of Allah (Allah is the Arabic phrase for God), and it’s the language of the Holy Qura’an. It has produced nice figures akin to Averroes(Ibn-Roshd), the medieval Aristotelian thinker; Ibn Khaldun, the primary social historian; and Khalil Jibran. Between the eighth and the fifteenth centuries, the quantity of literary, scholarly and scientific guide manufacturing in Arabic and the extent of city literacy amongst readers of Arabic have been the very best the world had ever recognized to that point. Islamic artists have used Arabic script as their principal artwork type for hundreds of years; the sweetness of their work might be revealed to anybody by means of the research of Arabic. Arabic is a member of the Semitic group of languages, intently associated to Hebrew and Aramaic, the language the Christ spoke. Moreover, Arabic is extensively spoken; complete audio system of Arabic exceed 350 million.

According to the Wikipedia encyclopedia, Arabic was additionally a serious car of tradition, particularly in science, arithmetic and philosophy in the course of the center ages, that’s the reason many European languages have additionally borrowed quite a few phrases from it.

Pamela J.Farris says in her e-book Language arts on web page 99

“English has borrowed from Arabic algebra, sweet, lemon, orange, sugar, and journal.”

Not solely these phrases English borrowed from Arabic, however there are tons of of different phrases borrowed from Arabic, there are some a whole lot of the phrases English borrowed from Arabic in Al Mawrid English-Arabic dictionary, corresponding to hurricane which suggests in Arabic 7HA’F , Spinach three(‘F. , and sesame which suggests in Arabic 3E3E.

So Arabic being one of the world nice languages makes translation from and into that language essential, particularly English Arabic translation.

No doubt that English is a world language; these days it’s the language of science, aviation, computing, diplomacy, and tourism. It is listed because the official or co-official language of quite a few nations .As properly as Arabic, it’s one of the six official languages within the United Nations

Consequently, the information of the English language is one of crucial instruments in attaining scientific and technological information; furthermore it’s a device of communication between nations, totally different cultural teams, numerous corporations and organizations, communities and pals.

Translation is the device to make use of the brand new know-how and science. Science information coupled with a number of languages and cultures are more and more necessary in an increasing international financial system and world welfare. It is obvious that Britain and the USA are the forefront of new concepts in science and know-how. USA has pioneered in all fields of know-how and science; accomplishments of Britain and US know-how are in English, so it is extremely important to know English to make use of such know-how and science.

Also Political relationships, wars, and conflicts make translation so necessary to have entry to what’s going on in several elements of the world, particularly Arabic English translation, as English is the language of the large powers of the world, and the Arab area is the theatre, the place very important occasions happen at current.

No denying that English is the cornerstone of the world media, many necessary information sources are in English, on web page 34 of the e-book The Spread of English the author says: “English newspapers in non English mother-tongue nations are one other indication of the world vast standing of English”.

If one is aware of English, one can learn the information and factors of views of a number of writers across the globe, by doing so one can increase his information, and get a broader outlook on the environment, and to take a look at points with a broader perspective. In my opinion, figuring out any language is a world passport particularly English.

English can also be the language of communication, with the unfold of web, English seemed to be the language of communication, lots of of hundreds of thousands of totally different races talk with every others by way of the web in English, thus English helps to strengthen ties, and make pals amongst totally different cultural teams of individuals on totally different spots of our planet.

So being the language of science know-how and communication, within the age of the web, English unfold so extensively, there has by no means been a language so extensively unfold in so brief a time as English.

As talked about above, each Arabic and English are nice world languages, so translation between this pair of languages is essential and important as a result of of the various causes talked about beforehand.

Translation has been and continues to be the means of cultural and information change amongst individuals all through historical past, and the means of preserving cultural heritage.

As the Islamic Arabic Empire unfold, the Arabic language and, certainly, tradition was enriched by contacts with different civilizations: Greeks, Persians, Copts, Romans, Indians and Chinese. During the ninth and tenth centuries, an incredible translation motion, centered in Baghdad, was in drive, during which many historic scientific and philosophical tracts have been transposed from historic languages, particularly Greek, into Arabic. Many have been enhanced by the brand new knowledge recommended by Arab thinkers; different texts have been merely preserved, solely to re-emerge in Europe through the Renaissance.

Modern European languages, reminiscent of Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian and English owe a terrific debt to Arabic. The English language itself incorporates many phrases borrowed from Arabic: algebra, alchemy, admiral, genius, ghoul, mare sherbet, soda and lots of others. “

By the means of translation cultural heritage is preserved and new civilizations advanced and flourished; the western civilization as an example, was established on the Arabic and Islamic civilization; scientific books have been translated from Arabic into totally different European languages, and it was the core for the present western civilization.

In the e-book of “Muslim Contributions to World Civilization” On web page 118 we’ll discover that, “From 1154 AC to the sixteenth century, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim scholars from Western Europe and Spain translated books from Arabic into Latin in the Toledo Academy established by Alfonso, Sabio the Wise. The translations were then distributed to academic centers in Europe, where they became the basis of the Renaissance, the revival of knowledge in Europe.”

Stanwood Cobb says:” Europe was indebted for all of its beginnings in alchemy and chemistry to the chemical science of the Arabs, which reached them through translation of Arabic works into Latin. In this science, as in other arts and sciences which they practiced, they developed an objective and experimental method as opposed to the purely speculative method of the Greeks.”

“The science of algebra owes a lot to gifted mathematicians of the

Islamic period. Its very identify proves the magnitude of this debt, for the identify itself is Arabic, al gebr, “a binding collectively .”

“In addition to the volumes of Greek science, many scientific works of the Arabs-Avicenna, Averroes, and Rhazes in particular-were translated.”

So English-Arabic translation has been and continues to be of nice significance, the causes up to now and current are solely totally different. Currently, it’s well-known that English Arabic translation is more and more turning into a subject of a lot concern and significance lately. Oil, strategic location, historical past of the Islamic and totally different different civilizations that befell within the Arabic area, and the present occasions within the Middle East on the Arab aspect and the western want to own the oil and dominate the area on the Western aspect, contribute to this significance. This paper highlights the significance of English Arabic translation, primarily the interpretation of the 2 phrase English idioms into Arabic; as English language is full of idioms native audio system of English use so much of idioms and expressions in on a regular basis conversations, books, newspapers, magazines, TV exhibits on the Internet as a result of idioms add shade to the language, however on the similar time, idioms are obscure as a result of their which means isn’t what it seems to be at first sight. This imposes a serious problem to translators from English into Arabic.

For instance within the Telegraph newspaper dated 19/09/2006 one of the headlines reads “Police patrols at church buildings stepped up in Pope Row”

The Idiom ‘step up is used on this article, the Idiom Connection defines the idiom’ step up ‘as follows “rise to a better or extra necessary place, be promoted”

Al Mawrid dictionary interprets the idiom ‘step up’ as J2J/- J6’9A- J2/’/- J*6’9A- JF/A9- J*B/E

In the context of the earlier article, the idiom ‘step up’ could be translated as – J2/’/ , it’s the translation of the which means of the idiom.

A Second instance in The Sunday Times dated April 30, 2006, the Idiom ‘again down’ is used within the following articles:

Iran’s psychopath in chief, by Israel

“Britain, France, Germany and America hope to cross a decision on the United Nations Security Council this week mandating Iran to droop its work on uranium enrichment. If Iran refuses to again down, the safety council might impose focused sanctions.”

Also within the Mail guardian on-line dated 07 November 2005 we’ll discover the headline

‘Blair to again down on anti-terror legal guidelines’

British Prime Minister Tony Blair reluctantly accepted on Monday that he must again down on proposed anti-terror legal guidelines that may allow police to carry individuals for as much as 90 days with out charging them.

Home Secretary Charles Clarke, saying what quantities to a climbdown, stated, nevertheless, that the brand new time restrict wouldn’t be as brief because the 28 days sought by critics of the brand new Terrorism Bill, which faces a parliamentary vote on Wednesday.

“We don’t need to compromise on the 90 days in any respect. It will probably be a compromise with this nation’s safety,” stated Blair at his month-to-month Downing Street press convention, the place he held out hope that he might but minimise the influence.

American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms – defines the idiom’ ‘again down as ‘Reverse one’s upward course, descend. For instance, When she noticed the wasps’ nest on the roof, she swiftly backed down the ladder. This literal utilization often refers to one thing one has climbed, reminiscent of a ladder or mountain. [Mid-1800s]

Al Mawrid dictionary interprets the idiom ‘again down’ as –J*F’2D 9F E7D(

Also 9F J*.DJ 9F – J*1′,9 is a correct translation

In the earlier articles, it may be translated as 9F J*.DJ 9F – J*1′,9, and it’s the translation of the which means of the idiom.

Idioms are one of the elements that makes translation stay a human exercise; though makes an attempt have been made to automate and computerize the interpretation of pure language texts, or to make use of computer systems as an help to translation, however translation stays primarily a human exercise that wants talent, intelligence, human feeling that retains the life and spirit of the unique language to the translated textual content, idioms pose a problem to any translation program. Since quite a bit of idioms can’t be translated actually.

The proper understanding of Idioms is the important thing to have an excellent translation from English into Arabic. English is full of idioms; native audio system of English use lots of idioms and expressions of their speech and writing, in different phrases, native audio system of English use idioms on a regular basis. Idioms are the grease that makes language move, however on the similar time idioms are obscure as a result of an idiom is “An expression whose meanings can’t be inferred from the meanings of the phrases that make it up.” Webster’s Online Dictionary, however some are simpler to guess once they have some affiliation with the unique which means of the person phrases. So the translator must be conscious of the idioms.

The idiom ‘chilly ft’ which the Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary defines as:”to instantly turn out to be too frightened to do one thing you had deliberate to do, particularly one thing essential resembling getting married” , whereas the American Heritage Dictionary defines the idiom ‘chilly ft’ as

“Fearfulness or timidity stopping the completion of a course of motion”.

It is utilized in an article within the guardian newspaper on Saturday March 25, 2006 as follows:

‘Iraq hostages ‘have been saved by rift amongst kidnappers’

o Guards obtained chilly ft after American was shot

o Returning Kember ‘did not say because of rescuers’

Jonathan Steele in Amman, Ewen MacAskill and Richard Norton-Taylor

Saturday March 25, 2006

The Guardian

The British hostage Norman Kember and his two Canadian colleagues owe their freedom to a rift amongst their Iraqi kidnappers, a western safety supply near the rescue operation stated yesterday.

This idiom used within the earlier article might be translated as AB/’F ‘D-E’three DA9D four& E’- FB5’F ‘D4,’9G #H ‘D+B) DA9D four& E’, the interpretation is the paraphrase of the idiom based on definitions given above. So the correct understanding of idioms is the important thing to translate nicely.

An idiom is discovered and used as a single unit of language; and ought to be translated in the identical means. To translate idioms the translator , first of all wants to acknowledge idioms , perceive them, know the tradition from which the idiom comes, the origin, the environment by which it’s used , then the translator ought to do his/her greatest, at first to seek out an equal or a corresponding idiom within the goal language that retains the flavour of the unique, if there’s not such corresponding idiom or phrase the translator analyzes the idiom and interprets the which means of the idiom in phrases that maintain the colour and taste of the idiom within the supply language

Every language is idiomatic; every language has a sure set of guidelines that govern the best way phrases are put collectively to precise information, concepts and emotions. The guidelines and their exceptions are distinctive to the language, regardless of attainable similarities with different languages. In this sense, a language is all the time idiomatic. Within this basic consideration, we often assume of ‘idioms’ as distinctive phrases: we use them to precise one thing that different, extra common sentences cannot categorical simply as nicely. It is necessary to study idioms to have the ability to talk nicely. They are additionally fascinating to review as a result of of the perception they provide us into the language and the individuals who use them. These expressions originate within the historical past, literature, faith, and traditions typical of a sure group. For this cause, idioms reveal a lot of the best way of considering of a group.

Since idiomatic expressions are so often encountered in each spoken and written discourse, they require particular consideration in translation

the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines ‘idiom’ as : a gaggle of phrases whose which means is totally different from the meanings of the person phrases:. This means even when one is aware of the which means of every phrase; one might not perceive the idiom itself. So we can’t translate the idioms appropriately until we perceive their which means. If we keep in mind the idiom ‘ New blood and translate it into Arabic (/E ,/J/) phrase by phrase, (/E ,/J/) is usually utilized in Arabic to imply younger individuals. On one hand, it may be seen as an equal, then again typically it’s arduous to guess that the expression truly means ‘ individuals with so much of power or recent concepts who’re introduced into a corporation as a way to enhance it’ as outlined in Cambridge superior Learner’s dictionary, as in F-*’, ‘DJ /E ,/J/– it may possibly imply the necessity for brand spanking new blood in a hospital as an example, however typically it may be misunderstood.

Based on the earlier definition in Cambridge superior Learner’s Dictionary, the suitable translation for this idiom is #four.’5 EDJ&) (‘D7’B) H ‘D-JHJ) H ‘D#AC’1- ‘AC’1 H 7’B’* ,/J/) .The translation here’s a paraphrase.

As a matter of reality, the literal translation of an idiom is usually absurd or comical. The idiom ‘Back burner ‘ actually interprets into Arabic as ”D-‘1B ‘D.DAJ’

The literal translation in Arabic sounds comical. The Dictionary of English Idioms & Idiomatic Expressions defines it as follows: If a problem is on the again burner, it’s being given low precedence is ‘ then the correct translation is -‘D EF 9/E ‘D’G*E’E-BDJD ‘D’GEJ)

typically The picture created by the literal which means of an idiom is comedian however typically it may well assist to keep in mind that idiom.

Here is an instance of English idioms that may be simply understood from the pictures they evoke. The English idiom double confronted interprets actually in Arabic as 0H H,GJF- (with two faces) in Arabic. So the picture created by this idiom helps us to recollect and perceive it. So we will translate it as EF’AB ‘hypocrite’ in Arabic- or -E.’/9 deceiver (in Arabic), which might be an sufficient translation. The picture created by the idiom double confronted could make us assume of an individual with two faces , which suggests hypocrite .Even although utilizing the pictures of the literal translation is an efficient and enjoyable strategy to study English idioms, the literal translation alone is deceiving in lots of instances

The actual which means of the English idiom needs to be discovered in context to be appropriately understood. It is important to review idioms inside sentences. A correct instance makes the which means and the use clear. For instance the idiom sitting duck which suggests ‘a simple goal’, once we study this idiom in a sentence as in “His arguments have been so easy, she was capable of knock them down like sitting geese.” It will probably be straightforward to know that the idiom means ‘a simple goal’ and translate it into Arabic adequately, if we translate it actually in Arabic it might be (7) ,’D3) which doesn’t make sense in Arabic, however the enough translation is a paraphrase translation of the idiom which is G/A 3GD

Translation of concepts and which means from one language to a different leaves a lot freedom to the translator , however translation of idioms doesn’t want solely translation of concepts and which means , the translator ought to maintain the impact idioms give to the language as potential because the translator can. To translate idioms word-for-word” translation is insufficient and complicated, To translate idioms nicely, the translator should acknowledge idioms to be idioms, the translator should perceive the objectives and intents of the writer of the unique work; and the context through which idioms are used, then s/he ought to perceive the which means of the idioms, s/he ought to look it up in dictionaries, search on the internet , ask native audio system, and perceive the therapeutic massage of the idiom and in what context it’s used . It is sweet to discover a comparable idiom in Arabic that carries the identical which means of the English idiom, if the translator can’t discover so it’s good to parse the idiom aside into its which means and translate the which means.

Katharine Barnwell says: The activity of the translator is to translate the which means of the message, slightly than the phrases.

Bible Translation, Katharine Barnwell, 1986, p. 12.

In order to have a superb translation, there have to be a very good translator, who must be fluent within the two languages he seeks to translate between. He should perceive the language which he’s translating from, in addition to the language through which he’s translating the work into. Moreover, an excellent translator should particularly be a great communicator within the goal language. An excellent translator should have the information, talent and expertise on this enterprise; In reality the translator has a really critical duty to not change the which means in any method. He have to be cautious to not add something to the which means, or to go away any half of the which means. Actually the duty of translator is harder than the author himself, the author is free to precise his concepts and views in the best way he sees appropriate and within the vocabulary he likes, however the translator confines himself to the phrases the author used and he have to be cautious to not add something to the which means, or to go away any half of the which means.

Conclusion:

From what has been talked about above, it’s apparent that translation is the bridge of appreciation, love and friendship amongst nations, it’s mandatory for progress and prosperity .By the means of translation new civilizations advanced, the western civilization was established on the Arabic and Islamic civilization; scientific, books have been translated from Arabic into Latin, and it was the idea for the western civilization.

English Arabic translation has been and continues to be of nice significance, as a result of each languages are nice world languages, furthermore present occasions, wars, conflicts and struggles in our world add to this significance ; English is the language of massive powers and Arabic is the language of the area the place conflicts happen for a lot of causes talked about beforehand

Idioms pose a problem to translators from English into Arabic. English is full of idioms which can’t be understood from the person phrases .A translator of English idioms into Arabic wants good information of the 2 languages and a very good information of each cultures .Idioms mirror tradition traditions ,cultural identities and historical past of any nation. They give us perception into historical past , tradition , traditions, and values, morals. So idioms mirror our widespread humanity by way of language.

Source by Fatima Ibrahim Ahmed Al Menoufy

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